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How to check, if call is already handled by rtpengine module?
by Benoît Panizzon 02 Apr '23

02 Apr '23

Hi Running Kamailio Registrar Node + rtpengine without dialog module, only TRX module. Situation: Some customer are in ranges to which RTP can directly be routed, some are not. So rtpengine shall be engaged only when backhauling of the rtp stream is required. On a message from a CPE, this is done by checking $si and on a message to the CPE by checking $(ulc(aor=>addr)[$T_branch_idx]{uri.host}); On a BYE, rtpengine_delete() is called no matter if RTP was backhauled or not. If rtpengine does not find the call to delete, no harm happens. But now I struggle with Session Refresh Re-Invites TO the CPE as they are routed very early on and do not pass the whole location lookup stuff, therefore I have no access to the aor=>addr to determine if the destination needs backhauling or not. So the obvious solution which came to my mind is to call rtpengine_query() and see if it is finding the call and if so, call rtpengine_manage() to keep backhauling traffic on the Re-Invites refrreshing the session. Unfortunately, I found no way to check if rtpengine_query finds the call. Did I miss something? -- Mit freundlichen Grüssen -Benoît Panizzon- @ HomeOffice und normal erreichbar -- I m p r o W a r e A G - Leiter Commerce Kunden ______________________________________________________ Zurlindenstrasse 29 Tel +41 61 826 93 00 CH-4133 Pratteln Fax +41 61 826 93 01 Schweiz Web http://www.imp.ch ______________________________________________________

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Germany unsure about whether Kamailio will survive next winter
by Alex Balashov 01 Apr '23

01 Apr '23

For immediate release: ATLANTA, GA (1 April 2023)--The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany was forced to disclose today that it has been tasked with assessing whether Germany will be able to operate its Kamailio through the next winter. This initiative comes amidst considerable uncertainty, shared in some other EU member states, about whether the enormous fossil fuel energy footprint of Kamailio is sustainable after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. Pioneering Atlanta energy market analysts Evariste Systems were tapped to assist with forecasting whether German strategic natural gas reserves and liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports could keep Kamailio's enormous turbines spinning under a variety of stress-test scenarios outlined by regulators, including SIPP and SIPVicious. Alex Balashov, Evariste's principal, said in a news conference earlier this week: "Simply put, the political leadership wanted a dispassionate, technocratic kind of analysis, data-driven and the rest, free of the inflection of ideological bias and tendentious policy angles in charged German domestic politics. Whether it's the centre-right or the Greens, there are strong ideas about what to do with energy-greedy megaprojects like Kamailio." Florida-based energy turnaround vet Fred Posner, parachuted in to assist with the fast-tracked study, agreed: "It's well-understood that the German GDP is almost a perfectly linear function of gross annual SIP packets routed. The Nord Stream 1 shut-off situation in September only exposed Germany to further Kamailio-related energy vulnerabilities." At issue are the basic physics of SIP message routing in Kamailio. Due to a fixed-size worker process pool, Kamailio routing consumes about 1500 BTUs per packet-kilometre travelled. While 1500 BTUs/packet-kilometre is efficient in distance terms as compared to a typical automobile, which consumes roughly 3800 BTUs of fossil fuel energy per passenger-kilometre travelled (at typical load factors), the dizzying number of SIP packets routed through German territory in a typical business day greatly outstrips passenger-kilometres travelled. Balashov noted that sometimes, the activation energy requirement can be higher than 1500 BTUs when INVITEs with large SDPs are launched toward the next hop, though this varies with the altitude of the destination above mean sea level, wind direction, weather and other factors involved in ballistics. "It's a bit of a fool's errand to play these guessing games with averages. The energy budget can vary enormously depending on whether there is DTLS, video codecs, PASSporTs and other stuff. I find it helpful to think in kilowatt-hour terms: sometimes it's less than half a kWh, so like US $0.20 if you're counting the beans, and sometimes it's more like $0.38, we just don't know. The Bundestag always wants these big, round numbers, but if you've ever looked at the TM module, you know that's not how this works." A milder-than-expected winter, a 9% year-over-year increase in US LNG exports (to about 300 million cubic metres per day) in 2022, dependable imports from Norway and the Netherlands, and other favourable factors gave German SIP regulators a reprieve. Despite energy market volatility, premium LNG spot prices, and occasional 408 Request Timed Out scenarios, the country dodged a widely-feared Kamailio energy crisis. However, it is difficult to say whether energy market conditions will be as propitious next year. "Then there's the whole climate change goals thing. Nobody even wants to talk about that, especially for the WebRTC gateway side," says Posner. "There's a persistent fantasy that we can just power Kamailio with solar or wind if we just had enough generating capacity. I think that's really missing the forest for the trees. The worker processes stay running whether you need them or not, it all depends on how many listeners you have set and what the children config value is. Either way, I've got two words for you: base load. Even if we completely ignore that the energy density is just not there per hectare of solar or wind installation, how do you provide the constant power to the child processes?" Past feasibility studies published jointly by Balashov and Posner support this assessment. One such study, initiated in 2018 and concluded during the COVID-19 global pandemic, found that an area equivalent to the size of the entire state of North Rhine-Westphalia would need to be devoted to batteries, even using the latest lithium ferrous phosphate (LFP) technology. "But wait, there's more!" says Posner: "Show me the amperage." "The packet forwarding mechanism is similar to a railgun, at least if you're doing stateful. Where are you going to get the millions of amps? It's either setting up huge banks of capacitors god-knows-where, or the pulsed power system that's undergirded by the original OpenSER turbines. I think we already know the answer to that." Balashov noted that, even beyond the political and economic challenges that Kamailio downtime would introduce, there are other tightropes to walk. As the most economically dynamic, export-oriented EU member state, Germany is prone to flirt with SIP proxy privatisation schemes in its national discourse, all while messaging a stronger Euro to the ECB. "There is a vocal minority," says Balashov, "who push for research into more modular, regionally sited SIP gateways. They're always talking about sclerotic, unresponsive federal regulations and listless, bumbling Brussels bureaucrats and making it all smaller and leaner. Listen, I'm all for the Invisible Hand, but setting the Request URI and adding custom headers requires a truly integrated, national-scale infrastructure. It's the stuff of public-private partnerships and megaprojects. Even if you're a market zealot who is not sold on basic INVITEs as a public good, think about Presence or IMS. You really need the full capacity of a nation-state on deck for that." If devolution to smaller, more numerous SIP routing sites is not feasible--at least, at the unit cost and reliability level demanded by advanced economies--then excessive complexity offers a cautionary tale from the opposite extreme. In a particularly notorious example of technical and policy failure, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), following the guidance of northern Californian advisors Unicorn & Moonshot, attempted to scale down traditional Kamailio turbine blades into newer, so-called Kubernetes "Pod" chasses to increase exhaust recapture. This made for a much more intricate installation with an exponential growth of moving parts, telemetry and site support skill requirements. This proved unmanageable, and the now-famous explosion that followed the deterioration of the site led to unprecedented casualties in US history. Furthermore, it also resulted in the long-term humidification of large expanses of East Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and southern Alabama, rendering most of these areas uninhabitable. These events discredited the Unicorn & Moonshot approach in the eyes of most industry analysts. While it will take some months for Evariste to reach a conclusion regarding the resilience of the German Kamailio through the winter and beyond, and it will take still longer to issue policy recommendations, one factor is universally agreed upon already: this prolonged test of Germany's resilience is part of a Russian strategic calculation. A conservative MP from the CDU/CSU faction of the Bundestag, speaking on condition of anonomity, offered this summary: "The Russians think they can wait this out. They are waiting for us to fold and switch to an OpenSIPS reactor, knowing full well this will keep us busy with troubleshooting and diminish our ability to support Ukraine militarily." -- Alex Balashov Principal Consultant Evariste Systems LLC Web: https://evaristesys.com Tel: +1-706-510-6800

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How to get top-most outbound via branch attribute from branched call?
by Benoît Panizzon 31 Mar '23

31 Mar '23

Hi all For rtpengine to correctly distinguish branched calls, the top-most via branch= parameter should be passed to it. I have attempted to use $via0 but that does not yet exist in Kamailio 5.4 So I did try to read $hdr(Via) which I guess returns an array and then access: but this returns the inbound via, not the one generated on the branched call. How can this be accomplished with kamailio 5.4? -- Mit freundlichen Grüssen -Benoît Panizzon- @ HomeOffice und normal erreichbar -- I m p r o W a r e A G - Leiter Commerce Kunden ______________________________________________________ Zurlindenstrasse 29 Tel +41 61 826 93 00 CH-4133 Pratteln Fax +41 61 826 93 01 Schweiz Web http://www.imp.ch ______________________________________________________

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CANCEL timeout in branch route does not trigger any failure routes
by Richard Chan 31 Mar '23

31 Mar '23

Hi Kamailio users How can I get a failure route to trigger in timeout-to-CANCEL in a parallel forking scenario? Parallel forking test scenario 1. one(the main - 0) branch picks up the call 2. 2nd branch sends CANCEL (expecting 487 etc) - but the callee does not send any replies Result: No failure route handlers are called on timeout of this CANCEL - that is kamailio attempts the CANCEL 4 times but neither tm.t_on_failure_route, tm.t_on_branch_failure handlers are called. Any suggestions on how to resolve this? Regards Shih-Ping

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Rancher, AWS, and Elastic IP
by Calvin E. 30 Mar '23

30 Mar '23

I'm looking for documentation//howto/advice/best practices for running Kamailio under Kubernetes on AWS via Rancher. Specifically, how to manage the public/Elastic IP. This is a load balancer (dispatcher) scenario with rtpengine for receiving inbound calls from a DID provider, but a similar configuration might be used for clients. I'm open to using an AWS load balancer, and would like to scale with multiple Kamailio pods behind a single public IP. I'd rather use Rancher-managed EC2 than pay extra for EKS, unless EKS can cancel out its own cost. This sounds like it should be a solved problem, just complex. I see blogs and videos out there, but it's not always obvious if their content is current. Anyone want to help me peel this onion? -Calvin

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MongoDB query from Kamailio help needed
by Edo 28 Mar '23

28 Mar '23

Help is needed. I know I have seen a similar problem either via email or google search but for the life of me I cannot find it now. I am using: Ubuntu: 5.4.0-144-generic #161-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 3 14:49:04 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Kamailio: version: kamailio 5.3.9 (x86_64/linux) -- This is a dev platform and I can update kamailio if needed. I am trying to query a mongodb collection for the phone number stored under “did” as an integer and make a decision based on the returned result (boolean is sufficient for this decision). I don’t know what I am doing wrong here. Any help will be well appreciated ##### This is the insert statement into the telephone db from a linux script db.c$coll.insertOne({"did":parseInt($(cut -d_ -f 1 <<< $1)), "callDesc":$(cut -d_ -f 1 <<< $1)}))" >> $(cut -d_ -f 1 <<< $1).js did is stored as an integer and the callDesc is stored as presented by $rU { "_id" : ObjectId("641580b4863678d0ba38d69a"), "did" : 1XXXXXXXXXX, "callDesc" : 1XXXXXXXXXXXX } > db.c234.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("641580b4863678d0ba38d69a"), "did" : 2XXXXXXXXXXXX, "callDesc" : 2XXXXXXXXXXXX } > db.c234.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("641580b4863678d0ba38d69a"), "did" : 3XXXXXXXXXXXX, "callDesc" : 3XXXXXXXXXXXX } > Kamailio config: ..... ..... # --- mongodb module loaded 202201082322 loadmodule "ndb_mongodb.so" if (uri==myself) { sl_send_reply("100", "Trying to check if uri is myself $rU $ru"); #return; #Adding this to test connection to mongodb…. This worked and the reply was sent to the endpoint if(*mongodb_cmd_simple*("mongodbsrv1", "telephone", "cXXX”, "{ \"collStats\": \"cXXX\” }", "mgr1")) { sl_send_reply("183", "I got inside this message loop $rU found in mongodb"); xlog("response from mongodb is [[$mongodb(mgr1=>value)]]\n"); } # End of the test #This is to run the actual db query to test if the phone number is in the mongodb…. I am not successful at this query even when the number is known to be in the database if(*mongodb_find_one*("mongodbsrv1", "telephone", "cXXX”, "{\"did\" : \"$rU\" }", "mongoResponse1")) { # Route to confirmed route here -- 202302212032 sl_send_reply("183", "I got inside this mongodb message loop"); route(CONFIRMED_ROUTE); xlog("response from mongodb is [[$mongodb(mongoResponse1=>value)]]\n"); } else { route(UNCONFIRMED_ROUTE); } } #append_hf("P-hint: outbound\r\n"); route(RELAY); #exit; } Please help. -- ----- Ekunwe Tel: 601.497.3932

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Three year old issue with a new CVE vulnerability report being reported
by Olle E. Johansson 28 Mar '23

28 Mar '23

Hi Kamailians! A new CVE with a critical severity level was published recently for an almost three year old bug, which was also fixed and released three years ago (CVE-2020-27507). The issue was fixed in Kamailio 5.4.2 and is not present in newer releases. The Kamailio project has unfortunately not been involved in the CVE process or been informed about this old issue being published at this time. We take vulnerability handling seriously and our process is documented at: https://www.kamailio.org/wikidocs/security/policy/ The latest stable branch is 5.6, with v5.6.4 released out of it. Reference: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2020-27507 Best regards and thanks for flying Kamailio! The Kamailio dev team through /Olle

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json RPC syntax
by Volker Denneberg 28 Mar '23

28 Mar '23

Hello, I am trying to get json RPCs running. simpleequests seem to work, but I can't figure out how to pass parameters. For example curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary '{"id": 1,"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "ul.db_users" }' http://localhost:8081/RPC/ { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "error": { "code": 500, "message": "Not enough parameters (table to lookup)" }, "id": 1 } According to http://www.kamailio.org/docs/docbooks/3.2.x/rpc_api/rpc_api.html#rpc.gettin… parameters dont have names and according to http://www.kamailio.org/docs/modules/devel/modules/usrloc.html#usrloc.r.db_… 1 parameter is required. I guessed adding "params":"location" => no error anymore, but still no result: curl --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary '{"id": 1,"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "ul.db_users", "params":"location"}' http://localhost:8081/RPC/ { "jsonrpc": "2.0", "result": { }, "id": 1 } Same result (no error) if I pass "params":"nonsense", so "params" seems to be kind of ignored ... What's the correct json syntax here or in general? Best regards, Volker

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KEMI: app_jsdt_run_ex(): js loading state not initialized (call: ksr_htable_event)
by Ovidiu Sas 27 Mar '23

27 Mar '23

Hello all, While using KEMI with app_jsdt I noticed the following possible regression between 5.5 and 5.6. The following config is working ok on 5.5 but throws an error on 5.6: ERROR: app_jsdt [app_jsdt_api.c:555]: app_jsdt_run_ex(): js loading state not initialized (call: ksr_htable_event) kamailio.cfg: debug=2 children=1 log_facility=LOG_LOCAL0 log_name="k" mpath="/home/osas/src/kamailio/src/modules" loadmodule "htable/htable.so" modparam("htable", "event_callback", "ksr_htable_event") modparam("htable", "event_callback_mode", 1) loadmodule "kemix/kemix.so" loadmodule "app_jsdt/app_jsdt.so" modparam("app_jsdt", "load", "/usr/local/etc/kamailio/kamailio.js") cfgengine "jsdt" kamailio.js: function ksr_htable_event(evname) { KSR.info("ksr_htable_event(" + evname + ")\n"); } function ksr_request_route() { KSR.x.exit(); } If we load the htable module after app_jsdt, then the error is gone. Is there something new during init in 5.6 that requires specific module loading order? -ovidiu

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Handling branch-level append_hf()
by Alex Balashov 27 Mar '23

27 Mar '23

Hi, I’ve got a situation where I catch a 302 redirect in a failure_route (branch #1), and use the Contact to set a custom header (append_hf()). This custom header is utilised on the subsequent branch (branch #2), but if that branch fails (e.g. due to 4xx-5xx response), the custom header is not preserved on subsequent branches (branch #3+). What’s the best way to preserve it across subsequent branches? The documentation for msg_apply_changes() says it cannot be used once the transaction is already created, and in any case, I have other branch-level changes in branch #2 that I _would_ like to revert on subsequent branch attempts (i.e. branch #3). I can certainly devise a transaction-persistent vehicle for this value which can be checked on every branch, but I wondered if there’s an easier and more best-practical way. Thanks! — Alex -- Alex Balashov Principal Consultant Evariste Systems LLC Web: https://evaristesys.com Tel: +1-706-510-6800

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