26 Nov
2009
26 Nov
'09
7:44 a.m.
Greetings,
I was faced with the following problem in Kamailio 1.5.2: I was using
nathelper + rtpproxy + registrar and needed to relay media for calls
going inbound to a NAT'd registrant through rtpproxy - only if the
registrant is NAT'd.
Here is the scenario:
Media gateway Kamailio
(on public IP) ----> registrar -----> NAT'd registrant
(w/nathelper)
I was handling registrations from NAT'd endpoints like this:
if(nat_uac_test("1")) {
force_rport();
fix_nated_contact();
}
I was aware of fix_nated_register() but was not clear on its
relationship to the 'received_param' parameter stored in 'location' and
set as a modparam to both the 'registrar' and 'nathelper' modules, so I
was not using it.
Very quickly I ran into an obvious problem: if the contact stored in
the 'contact' column in 'location' is already fixed up with the received
IP:port, there is no way to know that the endpoint to which the call is
going is behind NAT -- when lookup() is called, the RURI is set to the
public IP:port. There are no flags of any kind that one can set during
save() that persist while the contact binding is present for that AOR
and can be resurrected on lookup().
Anyway, I eventually figured out how to fix this problem by empirical
means, with no clear help from the nathelper documentation. It turns
out that if I set the 'received_param' as a modparam to 'nathelper' and
'registrar' and handle registrations from NAT'd endpoints with
fix_nated_register() instead, it will magically work.
I made the following discoveries to arrive at this conclusion, both of
which are not documented. This is why it will work:
1) When the original (RFC1918) 'contact' is stored in the 'location'
table (if using DB, which I am), the 'received' parameter is stored
alongside it and contains the public IP:port.
When lookup() is called, the RURI domain is set to private address, e.g.
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
xlog("L_INFO", "[R-2:$ci] -> Registration resolved to RURI:
$ru\n"):
$ru here will contain something like this: sip:s@10.1.0.2:5060, the
original and unmodified contact supplied by the UAC.
But somehow, magically, when t_relay() is called the request will be
relayed to a different RURI - one with the 'received' IP:port
substituted in the domain portion. So, the request goes end up going to
the correct place.
This is, of course, because of the way the 'received' parameter is
supposed to work when appended to a Contact URI. But the point is that
it is not documented; nowhere in the documentation for lookup() or
t_relay() does it say that this will transpire, and I have no way of
knowing it except by observation.
2) For some reason, nat_uac_test("1") returns a positive result after
the lookup() and confirms that the destination is NAT'd.
This allows me to set a flag and then mangle the SDP in the reply to use
rtpproxy for NAT traversal of media as well, e.g.
route[2] {
...
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
if(nat_uac_test("1"))
setflag(9);
...
t_on_reply("1");
if(!t_relay())
sl_reply_error();
...
}
...
onreply_route[1] {
if(t_check_status("(180|183|200)")) {
if(nat_uac_test("5"))
fix_nated_contact();
if(search("Content-Type: application/sdp")) {
if(isflagset(9)) {
set_rtp_proxy_set("1");
force_rtp_proxy();
}
}
}
}
But if you examine carefully the documentation for nat_uac_test(), it
says the following for bit flag 1:
* 1- Contact header field is searched for occurrence of RFC1918
addresses.
To me this means that nat_uac_test() should not work after the lookup()
above. The only Contact header value that is present in the inbound
INVITE handler is the Contact URI of the media gateway, which is a
public IP address! Yet for some reason it works, as if by magic;
apparently it is somehow implicit that a hidden "received" attribute of
the RURI is also part of this check.
This is also not documented, and is completely counterintuitive.
Is there any possibility of clearing up documentation as to this point?
Perhaps I have done something wrong here unknowingly; I have no idea.
I know that my solution works but I cannot justify why in terms of the
documentation. Is it very much to ask that the documentation be
explicit about hidden but critically important mysteries like this?
Thanks!
-- Alex
--
Alex Balashov - Principal
Evariste Systems
Web : http://www.evaristesys.com/
Tel : (+1) (678) 954-0670
Direct : (+1) (678) 954-0671
26 Nov
26 Nov
7:48 a.m.
Alex Balashov wrote:
To me this means that nat_uac_test() should not work
after the lookup()
above. The only Contact header value that is present in the inbound
INVITE handler is the Contact URI of the media gateway, which is a
public IP address! Yet for some reason it works, as if by magic;
apparently it is somehow implicit that a hidden "received" attribute of
the RURI is also part of this check.
I just tested with an endpoint on a public IP and found that this test
was still returning a positive result, which further adds to the mystery
as there is no RFC1918 address in the Contact URI on either side
(request or reply) now. Please advise.
The documentation appears to be very much out of touch with fact here.
--
Alex Balashov - Principal
Evariste Systems
Web : http://www.evaristesys.com/
Tel : (+1) (678) 954-0670
Direct : (+1) (678) 954-0671
6:45 p.m.
I sent this message to K-users and sr-dev, and only saw it appear on
sr-dev. Was it delivered to K-users? Also, I wrote a reply to myself
following up and it appeared on neither list.
Alex Balashov wrote:
Greetings,
I was faced with the following problem in Kamailio 1.5.2: I was using
nathelper + rtpproxy + registrar and needed to relay media for calls
going inbound to a NAT'd registrant through rtpproxy - only if the
registrant is NAT'd.
Here is the scenario:
Media gateway Kamailio
(on public IP) ----> registrar -----> NAT'd registrant
(w/nathelper)
I was handling registrations from NAT'd endpoints like this:
if(nat_uac_test("1")) {
force_rport();
fix_nated_contact();
}
I was aware of fix_nated_register() but was not clear on its
relationship to the 'received_param' parameter stored in 'location' and
set as a modparam to both the 'registrar' and 'nathelper' modules, so I
was not using it.
Very quickly I ran into an obvious problem: if the contact stored in
the 'contact' column in 'location' is already fixed up with the received
IP:port, there is no way to know that the endpoint to which the call is
going is behind NAT -- when lookup() is called, the RURI is set to the
public IP:port. There are no flags of any kind that one can set during
save() that persist while the contact binding is present for that AOR
and can be resurrected on lookup().
Anyway, I eventually figured out how to fix this problem by empirical
means, with no clear help from the nathelper documentation. It turns
out that if I set the 'received_param' as a modparam to 'nathelper' and
'registrar' and handle registrations from NAT'd endpoints with
fix_nated_register() instead, it will magically work.
I made the following discoveries to arrive at this conclusion, both of
which are not documented. This is why it will work:
1) When the original (RFC1918) 'contact' is stored in the 'location'
table (if using DB, which I am), the 'received' parameter is stored
alongside it and contains the public IP:port.
When lookup() is called, the RURI domain is set to private address, e.g.
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
xlog("L_INFO", "[R-2:$ci] -> Registration resolved to RURI:
$ru\n"):
$ru here will contain something like this: sip:s@10.1.0.2:5060, the
original and unmodified contact supplied by the UAC.
But somehow, magically, when t_relay() is called the request will be
relayed to a different RURI - one with the 'received' IP:port
substituted in the domain portion. So, the request goes end up going to
the correct place.
This is, of course, because of the way the 'received' parameter is
supposed to work when appended to a Contact URI. But the point is that
it is not documented; nowhere in the documentation for lookup() or
t_relay() does it say that this will transpire, and I have no way of
knowing it except by observation.
2) For some reason, nat_uac_test("1") returns a positive result after
the lookup() and confirms that the destination is NAT'd.
This allows me to set a flag and then mangle the SDP in the reply to use
rtpproxy for NAT traversal of media as well, e.g.
route[2] {
...
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
if(nat_uac_test("1"))
setflag(9);
...
t_on_reply("1");
if(!t_relay())
sl_reply_error();
...
}
...
onreply_route[1] {
if(t_check_status("(180|183|200)")) {
if(nat_uac_test("5"))
fix_nated_contact();
if(search("Content-Type: application/sdp")) {
if(isflagset(9)) {
set_rtp_proxy_set("1");
force_rtp_proxy();
}
}
}
}
But if you examine carefully the documentation for nat_uac_test(), it
says the following for bit flag 1:
* 1- Contact header field is searched for occurrence of RFC1918
addresses.
To me this means that nat_uac_test() should not work after the lookup()
above. The only Contact header value that is present in the inbound
INVITE handler is the Contact URI of the media gateway, which is a
public IP address! Yet for some reason it works, as if by magic;
apparently it is somehow implicit that a hidden "received" attribute of
the RURI is also part of this check.
This is also not documented, and is completely counterintuitive.
Is there any possibility of clearing up documentation as to this point?
Perhaps I have done something wrong here unknowingly; I have no idea.
I know that my solution works but I cannot justify why in terms of the
documentation. Is it very much to ask that the documentation be
explicit about hidden but critically important mysteries like this?
Thanks!
-- Alex
--
Alex Balashov - Principal
Evariste Systems
Web : http://www.evaristesys.com/
Tel : (+1) (678) 954-0670
Direct : (+1) (678) 954-0671
27 Nov
27 Nov
3:47 p.m.
New subject: [Kamailio-Users] Inbound NAT detection and fix_nated_register() very poorly documented
Hello,
I got your emails and the archive on the web shows them:
http://lists.kamailio.org/pipermail/users/2009-November/date.html
But was a bit too long for me to read and reply at the time I got it ...
will do it soon.
Cheers,
Daniel
On 26.11.2009 14:45 Uhr, Alex Balashov wrote:
I sent this message to K-users and sr-dev, and only
saw it appear on
sr-dev. Was it delivered to K-users? Also, I wrote a reply to myself
following up and it appeared on neither list.
Alex Balashov wrote:
--
Daniel-Constantin Mierla
* http://www.asipto.com/
Greetings,
I was faced with the following problem in Kamailio 1.5.2: I was
using nathelper + rtpproxy + registrar and needed to relay media for
calls going inbound to a NAT'd registrant through rtpproxy - only if
the registrant is NAT'd.
Here is the scenario:
Media gateway Kamailio
(on public IP) ----> registrar -----> NAT'd registrant
(w/nathelper)
I was handling registrations from NAT'd endpoints like this:
if(nat_uac_test("1")) {
force_rport();
fix_nated_contact();
}
I was aware of fix_nated_register() but was not clear on its
relationship to the 'received_param' parameter stored in 'location'
and set as a modparam to both the 'registrar' and 'nathelper'
modules, so I was not using it.
Very quickly I ran into an obvious problem: if the contact stored in
the 'contact' column in 'location' is already fixed up with the
received IP:port, there is no way to know that the endpoint to which
the call is going is behind NAT -- when lookup() is called, the RURI
is set to the public IP:port. There are no flags of any kind that
one can set during save() that persist while the contact binding is
present for that AOR and can be resurrected on lookup().
Anyway, I eventually figured out how to fix this problem by empirical
means, with no clear help from the nathelper documentation. It turns
out that if I set the 'received_param' as a modparam to 'nathelper'
and 'registrar' and handle registrations from NAT'd endpoints with
fix_nated_register() instead, it will magically work.
I made the following discoveries to arrive at this conclusion, both
of which are not documented. This is why it will work:
1) When the original (RFC1918) 'contact' is stored in the 'location'
table (if using DB, which I am), the 'received' parameter is stored
alongside it and contains the public IP:port.
When lookup() is called, the RURI domain is set to private address, e.g.
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
xlog("L_INFO", "[R-2:$ci] -> Registration resolved to RURI:
$ru\n"):
$ru here will contain something like this: sip:s@10.1.0.2:5060, the
original and unmodified contact supplied by the UAC.
But somehow, magically, when t_relay() is called the request will be
relayed to a different RURI - one with the 'received' IP:port
substituted in the domain portion. So, the request goes end up going
to the correct place.
This is, of course, because of the way the 'received' parameter is
supposed to work when appended to a Contact URI. But the point is
that it is not documented; nowhere in the documentation for lookup()
or t_relay() does it say that this will transpire, and I have no way
of knowing it except by observation.
2) For some reason, nat_uac_test("1") returns a positive result after
the lookup() and confirms that the destination is NAT'd.
This allows me to set a flag and then mangle the SDP in the reply to
use rtpproxy for NAT traversal of media as well, e.g.
route[2] {
...
if(!lookup("location")) {
# Error handling here
exit;
}
if(nat_uac_test("1"))
setflag(9);
...
t_on_reply("1");
if(!t_relay())
sl_reply_error();
...
}
...
onreply_route[1] {
if(t_check_status("(180|183|200)")) {
if(nat_uac_test("5"))
fix_nated_contact();
if(search("Content-Type: application/sdp")) {
if(isflagset(9)) {
set_rtp_proxy_set("1");
force_rtp_proxy();
}
}
}
}
But if you examine carefully the documentation for nat_uac_test(), it
says the following for bit flag 1:
* 1- Contact header field is searched for occurrence of RFC1918
addresses.
To me this means that nat_uac_test() should not work after the
lookup() above. The only Contact header value that is present in the
inbound INVITE handler is the Contact URI of the media gateway, which
is a public IP address! Yet for some reason it works, as if by
magic; apparently it is somehow implicit that a hidden "received"
attribute of the RURI is also part of this check.
This is also not documented, and is completely counterintuitive.
Is there any possibility of clearing up documentation as to this
point? Perhaps I have done something wrong here unknowingly; I have
no idea. I know that my solution works but I cannot justify why in
terms of the documentation. Is it very much to ask that the
documentation be explicit about hidden but critically important
mysteries like this?
Thanks!
-- Alex
7:28 p.m.
New subject: [Kamailio-Users] Inbound NAT detection and fix_nated_register() very poorly documented
Daniel-Constantin Mierla wrote:
But was a bit too long for me to read and reply at the
time I got it ...
will do it soon.
My fundamental question can be distilled to something very simple:
If I have a REGISTER from a NAT'd endpoint, what can I do (in terms of
existing module functionality, e.g. fix_nated_register(), save()) to
"store" the fact that the endpoint is NAT'd in such a way that this
can be detected again on a lookup() for an inbound call and special
measures can be taken?
I suppose there are many things that can be done - special AVPs stored
in the DB, custom SQL queries, manually checking if the RURI domain is
an RFC1918 address string etc., but I want to know what the canonical
way to do this in terms of the existing modules is. After all, it is
a common need to know that your call is going to a NAT'd endpoint
prior to receiving a reply for that request.
My secondary concern is that the way lookup() works when
received_param is used is not documented at all.
-- Alex
--
Alex Balashov - Principal
Evariste Systems
Web : http://www.evaristesys.com/
Tel : (+1) (678) 954-0670
Direct : (+1) (678) 954-0671
7:35 p.m.
New subject: [Kamailio-Users] Inbound NAT detection and fix_nated_register() very poorly documented
On 27.11.2009 15:28 Uhr, Alex Balashov wrote:
Daniel-Constantin Mierla wrote:
set a branch flag for register. After lookup() it is restored so you can
test it. See default config file, it uses this mechanism.
But was a bit too long for me to read and reply
at the time I got it
... will do it soon.
My fundamental question can be distilled to something very simple:
If I have a REGISTER from a NAT'd endpoint, what can I do (in terms of
existing module functionality, e.g. fix_nated_register(), save()) to
"store" the fact that the endpoint is NAT'd in such a way that this
can be detected again on a lookup() for an inbound call and special
measures can be taken?
I suppose there are many things that can be done - special AVPs stored
in the DB, custom SQL queries, manually checking if the RURI domain is
an RFC1918 address string etc., but I want to know what the canonical
way to do this in terms of the existing modules is. After all, it is
a common need to know that your call is going to a NAT'd endpoint
prior to receiving a reply for that request.
My secondary concern is that the way lookup() works when
received_param is used is not documented at all.
This is the name of the parameter appended to contact uri, you will see
it in location and in the reply. If you want to use it, then you have to
do it in the config, I haven't used it so far.
Cheers,
Daniel
--
Daniel-Constantin Mierla
* http://www.asipto.com/
8:42 p.m.
New subject: [Kamailio-Users] Inbound NAT detection and fix_nated_register() very poorly documented
Daniel-Constantin Mierla wrote:
set a branch flag for register. After lookup() it is
restored so you can
test it. See default config file, it uses this mechanism.
Oh, hey. I did not notice this before:
http://www.kamailio.org/dokuwiki/doku.php/utils:flags
"branch flags (NEW) are saved also in transaction, but per branch;
also they will be saved in usrloc (per contact)."
That was the ticket I was looking for. Thanks!
--
Alex Balashov - Principal
Evariste Systems
Web : http://www.evaristesys.com/
Tel : (+1) (678) 954-0670
Direct : (+1) (678) 954-0671
5265
days inactive
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6 comments
2 participants
participants (2)
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Alex Balashov -
Daniel-Constantin Mierla