[Serusers] UA behind symmetric NAT advertising Public address

Thu Mar 18 15:29:15 CET 2004

Klaus Darilion wrote:

> You can enhance the nat_uac_test to compare rport and the port 
> announced in the via header.
>
This would be really nice!  So far our setup using the nat_uac_test 
catches about 95% of all NAT users that don't use STUN or have a problem 
with it.  But for the other 5% that are behind symmetic NATs, and the 
rport and announced port in the VIA header are different, we have to 
wait for the customer to complain in order for us to realize that he is 
behind a symmetic NAT.  Fortunately the SPA2000 now includes a new 
parameter to check for this type of NAT but most of our installed based 
still does not have it enabled.

-Andres

> klaus
>
>
> zeusng wrote:
>
>> Jiri,
>>
>> I agree with you that the client is "broken" with STUN. However, what 
>> if the
>> client is using some other method to determine the public IP of it's 
>> NAT and
>> have no intention to check what kind of NAT its behind? It can send a 
>> http
>> request somewhere get the ip via http reply, or it allows the user to
>> manually type in the public ip address?
>>
>> Anyhow, what we want is to help resolving the NAT issue. According to
>> Section 4 of the Internet draft, "SIP Extensions for NAT Traversal",
>> "draft-ietf-sip-nat-01.txt", (which may have already expired), the 
>> proxy is
>> to maintain a state of the connection and send the reply and other 
>> request
>> via the rport.
>>
>> Ok, it's draft only and not RFC yet (Maybe I'm wrong, but that's what I
>> know). However, SER is already doing the first part, sending reply 
>> via the
>> rport. I just want to know whether I can do something to help this 
>> "stupid"
>> or "intelligence" client behind NAT for other request.
>>
>> Say, if I know that the port is different from the rport in the Via 
>> header,
>> provided the request is not for call forwarding, there must be some port
>> translation in between.
>> E.g. Via: SIP/2.0/UDP y.y.y.y:5070;rport=60500;
>>
>> Here, 5070 != 60500, so I would assume the client is behind some kind of
>> firewall or NAT. I need to tell the proxy that ongoing traffic should 
>> go via
>> the rport.
>>
>>
>> Zeus
>>
>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: Jiri Kuthan [mailto:jiri at iptel.org] Sent: Thursday, 18 March 
>>> 2004 3:59 PM
>>> To: zeusng; serusers at lists.iptel.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Serusers] UA behind symmetric NAT advertising Public 
>>> address
>>>
>>>
>>> At 05:17 AM 3/18/2004, zeusng wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi,
>>>>
>>>> Is that a way to check the Top most Via rport with the sender's port?
>>>>
>>>> I have a UA capable of detecting its symmetric NAT's public 
>>>
>>>
>>> address and
>>>
>>>> advertise it in the SIP message. Below is an example of the 
>>>> message. The device has private address 192.168.x.x and is set to 
>>>> listen SIP message at port 5070, the NAT's public address is y.y.y.y, 
>>>
>>>
>>> the register
>>>
>>>> is listening at public address z.z.z.z port 5060.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> UA1 192.168.5.5:5070 --> NAT (y.y.y.y:60500) --> Proxy z.z.z.z:5060
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> SEND >> z.z.z.z:5060
>>>> REGISTER sip:xyz.org SIP/2.0
>>>> Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
>>>> y.y.y.y:5070;rport;branch=z9hG4bKA38B122163B34FA9B039C915AA2ACB43
>>>> From: UA1 <sip:ua1 at xyz.org>
>>>> To: UA1 <sip:ua1 at xyz.org>
>>>> Contact: "UA1" <sip:ua1 at y.y.y.y:5070>
>>>> Call-ID: F75DAF8081B44B62905C14B20CC7421C at xyz.org
>>>> CSeq: 7900 REGISTER
>>>> Expires: 1800
>>>> Max-Forwards: 70
>>>> User-Agent: Some SIP User Agent
>>>> Content-Length: 0
>>>>
>>>> RECEIVE << z.z.z.z:5060
>>>> SIP/2.0 200 OK
>>>> Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 
>>>> y.y.y.y:5070;rport=60500;branch=z9hG4bK381E2433E71D4FE995B208
>>>
>>>
>>> FFD8AF8F15
>>>
>>>> From: UA1 <sip:ua1 at xyz.org>
>>>> To: UA1 <sip:ua1 at xyz.org>;tag=794fe65c16edfdf45da4fc39a5d2867c.8eac
>>>> Contact: "UA1" <sip:ua1 at y.y.y.y:5070>
>>>> Call-ID: F75DAF8081B44B62905C14B20CC7421C at xyz.org
>>>> CSeq: 7900 REGISTER
>>>> Contact: <sip:ua1 at y.y.y.y:5070>;q=0.00;expires=1800
>>>> Server: Sip EXpress router (0.8.12-tcp_nonb (i386/linux))
>>>> Content-Length: 0
>>>> Warning: 392 z.z.z.z:5060 "Noisy feedback tells:  pid=18470 
>>>> req_src_ip=y.y.y.y req_src_port=60500 in_uri=sip:xyz.org 
>>>> out_uri=sip:xyz.org via_cnt==1"
>>>>
>>>> Here, the client 192.168.5.5 (not show in the message) send 
>>>
>>>
>>> a message
>>>
>>>> with source address 192.168.5.5 source port 5070 to proxy 
>>>
>>>
>>> z.z.z.z port
>>>
>>>> 5060. Because of some intellegence in the UA (STUN in this case), 
>>>> it determines that the public address of the NAT is y.y.y.y.
>>>>
>>>> When contructing the Register request, it use the public IP 
>>>
>>>
>>> y.y.y.y in
>>>
>>>> the Via and Contact header. The message, upon reaching the NAT, be 
>>>> translated to have source address y.y.y.y and port 60500. 
>>>
>>>
>>> None of the
>>>
>>>> nat_uac_test() function can detect that the UA is behide NAT 
>>>
>>>
>>> and thus
>>>
>>>> save the contact as sip:y.y.y.y:5070. The reply of the 
>>>
>>>
>>> register is fine
>>>
>>>> as it follow the rport.
>>>>
>>>> If however, someone invite this client, SER will return 
>>>> sip:y.y.y.y:5070. Due to the nature of symmetric NAT, port 5070 is 
>>>> block and cannot reach UA1.
>>>
>>>
>>> Then "Some SIP User Agent" is broken. STUN can't be used with 
>>> symmetric NATs. y.y.y.y is of zero value.
>>>
>>> -jiri
>>>
>>>
>>>> I know I can setup PAT to have all incoming traffic with 
>>>
>>>
>>> port 5070 to
>>>
>>>> forward to 192.168.5.5 and make is looks like restricted 
>>>
>>>
>>> cone NAT but
>>>
>>>> the NAT device is own by the customer and I have no control.
>>>>
>>>> Is there a way in SER that I can check the rport with the 
>>>
>>>
>>> source port,
>>>
>>>> if different, rewrite the contact as sip:[source address]:[rport]?
>>>>
>>>> Regards,
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Zeus Ng, CISSP, CCSA
>>>> Principal Consultant
>>>> iSquare Technology
>>>> Tel: +61 2 9419 3887
>>>> Fax: +61 2 9410 2629
>>>> Mob: 0416 135 794
>>>> Email: zeus.ng at isquare.com.au
>>>>
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>>>>
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>>>
>>>
>>> -- 
>>> Jiri Kuthan            http://iptel.org/~jiri/
>>
>>
>>
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-- 
Andres
Network Admin
http://www.telesip.net